Principle

Animation

How to move. Six Disney principles with robotics evidence, used by AI as generation operators.Each has a default, an allowed range and a style axis.

Operators

FOLLOW/REACT and AMP/OVER split into two operators each, so six principles make eight IDs.

op.anticAnticipationProposedA small move the other way just before a big one.
Default · range7% of the main motion, 120 ms (turns: 2–3° back) · 80–400 ms. Never on S1 signals, repeats or idle.
op.easeEaseStart slow → fast → stop slow.
Default · rangeNormal: ease-in-out · reaction: ease-out · fading exit: ease-in. Within motor speed and acceleration limits.
op.arcArcLift slightly and come down in a curve while turning.
Default · rangeTilt 4–8° during a turn, peak at 50%. Gaze first, body 0.1–0.2 s later.
op.secondSecondary actionA small supporting move after a big one (blink, breath …).
Default · range≤ 30% of the main motion, 0.15 s later, one at a time. No other axis during a promised signal.
op.followFollow-throughThe tip settles late when stopping.
Default · rangeTip delay 0.06–0.12 s, one wobble. More than one = tremor = broken.
op.reactReactionProposed① to a result, after the task (back slot) ② to a touch, right away.
Default · rangeTouch reaction within 0.3 s. The two sub-definitions await a decision.
op.ampAmplitudeThe upper bound of motion size — sized to the situation, not the emotion.
Default · rangeROM 40% · max 70%. Each repeat 30% smaller.
op.overOvershootPass the target slightly and come back.
Default · range3–8%, once · max 10%. Never on rest poses or precision tasks.

Principles and style axes

A principle is an operator with its limits; an axis is the dial that turns it. Style moves the dial only up to the guardrail.

P1Engagement rangeAMP per joint group · SECOND channel count
GuardrailAmplitude cap · joint limits
P2Speed contrastEASE curve and timing
GuardrailServo max speed
P3StillnessTime tokens pause · hold
GuardrailThe end hold of pointing and closing never goes to 0 (SP-5)
P4LingeringFOLLOW wobble and damping
GuardrailOne wobble · no irregular tremor
P5AnticipationANTIC size and length
GuardrailNever on promised signals · skipped on repeats
P6ReturnResidual on return · OVER
GuardrailRepeated motions return fully

Fixed quality rules

GazeBody
Body 0.1–0.2 s after gaze
ARCNot a style axis. Every turn arcs 4–8° with its peak at 50%.
TouchReact
Within 0.3 s
REACTNot a style axis. Results get a back-slot reaction; touches get one at once.